Yarkan Ka Ilaj: Peela & Kala Yarkan Treatment in Urdu
Yarkan (یرقان), known in English as jaundice and medically as hyperbilirubinaemia, is the yellowing of the eyes and skin. Pakistan carries the heaviest hepatitis C burden in the world, with around 10 million people infected and an estimated 3.8 million living with hepatitis B, yet only 25 to 30% of them know they have it. (Common spellings: yarkan, yarqan, yarkaan, peela yarkan, kala yarkan.)
Yarkan ka koi ek ilaj nahi, kyunke yarkan khud koi marz nahi, asal wajah ki nishani hai. Pehla qadam wajah dhoondhna hai. Hepatitis A aur E wala yarkan aram aur paani se 4 to 6 hafte mein theek ho jata hai. Pathri ya rukawat wala yarkan procedure maangta hai. Hepatitis B aur C ka apna ilaj hai.
Yarkan ko English mein kya kehte hain?
Yarkan in English is called jaundice. The medical word is hyperbilirubinaemia, which simply means too much bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment your body makes every day when old red blood cells are broken down. The liver normally picks it up, processes it, and sends it out in bile through the gut. When any step in that chain breaks, bilirubin backs up into the blood and stains the eyes and skin yellow.
Clinical assessment of jaundice (yarkan). Source: Unsplash
That is the whole reason yarkan matters as a clue. The yellow colour tells you something is wrong somewhere along the path: in the blood cells, in the liver, or in the bile ducts. It does not tell you what.
Yarkan kyu hota hai? Sab se aam wajuhat Karachi mein
Yarkan ki wajuhat teen badi categories mein aati hain: khoon zyada toot-na, liver ki kharabi, ya bile ki nali mein rukawat.
1. Paani aur khane wala hepatitis (A aur E). Yeh wedding buffet aur tanker ke gande paani se phailta hai. Hepatitis A aur E ka yarkan aksar khud theek ho jata hai. The World Gastroenterology Organisation classes acute hepatitis A as a self-limiting illness in most healthy adults, with supportive care as the main treatment. Lekin hamla aurton mein hepatitis E khatarnak ho sakta hai.
2. Hepatitis B aur C. Yeh khoon, istemaal-shuda needles, barber ke razor, aur unsafe dental ya surgical instruments se phailte hain. Sindh mein hepatitis C ki prevalence Pakistan mein sab se zyada hai, around 7% published studies mein. Aksar saalon tak koi alamat nahi hoti, phir achanak yarkan ya liver ki kharabi saamne aati hai. Hamare yarkan ki alamat page par in ki nishaniyan tafseel se hain.
3. Pathri aur bile ki nali ki rukawat. Gallstones, ya kabhi tumour, bile ki nali band kar dete hain. Bile bahar nahi nikal pati, bilirubin chhalak kar khoon mein aa jata hai.
Peela yarkan aur kala yarkan mein kya farq hai?
Peela yarkan halka aur aksar qabil e ilaj hota hai. Kala yarkan zyada serious aur aksar severe liver disease ya bile ki nali ki rukawat ki nishani hota hai. Naam rang se aata hai, lekin asal farq sangeenta ka hai, na ke sirf shade ka.
| Peela yarkan | Kala yarkan | |
|---|---|---|
| Jild ka rang | Halki se saaf zard | Peele se bhura ya hara-mail |
| Aam wajah | Hepatitis A/E, halka hepatitis B/C | Severe liver disease, bile ki rukawat, advanced hepatitis |
| Saath ki alamat | Kamzori, bhook ki kami, gehra peshab | Shadeed kamzori, kabhi bukhar, hosh ka ghumna, khoon aana |
| Khatra | Aksar manageable, jaldi pakar lein | Zyada, foran evaluation maangta hai |
| Pehla qadam | LFT aur bilirubin, hepatitis test | Same-day hospital evaluation |
Ghar par kya kar sakte hain? Aur desi totkon ka sach
Yarkan ka koi gharelu ilaj nahi jo asal wajah ko theek kar de. Lekin kuch supportive cheezein recovery mein madad karti hain: kaafi paani, aram, halki saaf suthri ghiza, aur tali hui cheezon se parhez. Lahsun, haldi, aur chukandar jaise totke nuksaandeh nahi, lekin yeh hepatitis ka ilaj nahi.
Lahsun aur haldi mein kuch hepatoprotective khaaslatein lab studies mein dekhi gayi hain. Iska matlab yeh nahi ke yeh viral hepatitis ya pathri ko theek karte hain. Haldi doodh peene se aankhon ka peelapan utar jaye, aisa nahi hota. Chukandar aur mooli sehatmand sabziyan hain, lekin “khoon saaf” karne ka jo dawa kiya jata hai uske peeche koi solid evidence nahi.
Asal khatra totke khaane mein nahi, totke par bharosa karke doctor ke paas der se aane mein hai. Desi totke bhale saath chalein, lekin pehle doctor se jaanch zaroor karwayein.
Yarkan mein kya khana chahiye aur kya nahi? Diet ke myths
Yarkan ki sahi diet aasan hai: protein achi miqdaar mein, chikni aur tali hui cheezein kam, kaafi paani, aur small meals. Pakistani ghar mein jo cheezein “garam” keh kar band ki jaati hain, un mein se zyadatar bilkul mana nahi.
Anday mana nahin. Uble anday behtreen protein hain jo liver ki recovery mein lazmi hai. Doodh aur dahi mana nahin, dahi to faidemand hai. Machli mana nahin, yeh aala darje ka protein hai. Sirf khatta khana yarkan theek nahin karta.
Ab asal parhez. Tali hui cheezein (samosa, pakora, nihari ka tarka), bohot chikna ghee-makkhan, sharab bilkul, aur bohot teekha khana. Yeh ek soozan-zada liver par bojh daalte hain. Lekin thodi ghee, ek do anday, ya ek pyaali dahi se darne ki zaroorat nahi.
| Cheez | Aam myth | Sahi baat |
|---|---|---|
| Anday | ”Bilkul mana hain” | Uble anday acha protein, faidemand |
| Ghee | ”Mukammal band” | Thori miqdaar theek, sirf tali cheezein chhorein |
| Doodh / dahi | ”Garam hai, mana” | Theek hai, dahi to madadgar |
| Machli | ”Liver kharab karti hai” | Aala protein, recovery mein madadgar |
| Sabzi | ”Hazam nahi hoti” | Zaroori vitamins, khaani chahiye |
Doctor kab dikhana chahiye? Red flags
Halka yarkan jo paani wale hepatitis se ho, aksar khud behtar hota hai. Phir bhi har naye yarkan ki ek baar jaanch zaroori hai, kyunke aap rang dekh kar wajah nahi bata sakte. Aur kuch alamat aisi hain jo intezaar bardasht nahi kartin.
Foran emergency care lein agar ho: khoon ki ulti, kala pakhana, hosh ka ghumna ya bohot zyada neend, pet ka tezi se phoolna, tez bukhar peelaapan ke saath, ya jild se khoon ya neel parna. Yeh kala yarkan aur liver failure ki nishaniyan ho sakti hain.
In emergencies ke alawa, doctor ko jald (chand din mein) dikhayein agar: yarkan 2 hafte se zyada rahe; peshab chai jaisa gehra ho; pakhana halka safedi-maael ho; daayein upar wale pet mein musalsal dard ho; wazan bila wajah gir raha ho; ya ghar mein kisi ko hepatitis B ya C tashkhees hui ho. Hamare pait dard ke ilaj page par pet ke dard ke patterns par alag se baat hai.
Doctor kya karta hai? Tashkhees ka tareeqa
Pehli visit zyadatar baat cheet hoti hai. Peelaapan kab shuru hua, peshab aur pakhane ka rang, bukhar, dard, koi haaliya shaadi ka khana ya safar, dawaiyan, aur ghar mein hepatitis ki history. Test, jab zaroorat ho, aksar in mein se kuch hote hain:
- LFT (liver function test) aur bilirubin level. Yeh batate hain liver kitna soozanzada hai aur bilirubin kis qism ka barha hai. Yaad rahe, thoda barha hua bilirubin akela hamesha sangeen nahi, kabhi yeh Gilbert’s syndrome jaisi bezarar cheez hoti hai.
- Hepatitis panel (HBsAg hepatitis B ke liye, Anti-HCV hepatitis C ke liye, aur zaroorat par hepatitis A aur E).
- Pet ka ultrasound liver, gallbladder, bile ki naliyon aur pathri dekhne ke liye.
- ERCP agar bile ki nali pathri ya rukawat se band ho. Yeh aik endoscopic procedure hai jo nali khol kar bile ka rasta saaf karta hai.
Har patient ko har test ki zaroorat nahi. Maqsad wajah dhoondhna hai.
WHO ke mutabiq Pakistan mein hepatitis B aur C se mutasir logon mein se sirf 25 se 30% ko apni bimari ka ilm hai, jis ka matlab hai ke bohot bara hissa test hi nahi karwata aur ilaj tak nahi pohanchta. — World Health Organization, World Hepatitis Day 2025
EMHJ mein chhapne wali 2024 ki Sindh serosurvey mein do bade qaabil-e-girift risk factors saamne aaye: ghar mein purani liver bimari ki history, aur barber ki dukaan par shave karwana. Yeh survey yaad dilati hai ke bachao ka aadha kaam apna razor aur safai par tawajjuh dene mein hai.
Kya yarkan doosron ko lagta hai?
Sirf kuch types lagte hain. Hepatitis A aur E ganda paani aur khane se, aur hepatitis B aur C khoon aur istemaalshuda needles se. Pathri, fatty liver wala yarkan bilkul contagious nahi. Yani har yarkan wale ko alag bartan dena zaroori nahi, sirf hepatitis ki tasdeeq par ehtiyaat chahiye.
Aksar puchhe jaane wale sawaalat (FAQs)
Yarkan in English kya hota hai? Yarkan in English is called jaundice. The medical term is hyperbilirubinaemia, meaning too much bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment made when old red blood cells break down. When the liver cannot clear it properly, it builds up and turns the eyes and skin yellow. Yarkan is a sign, not a disease in itself.
Kya yarkan apne aap theek ho jata hai? Kuch types theek ho jate hain, kuch nahi. Hepatitis A aur E wala yarkan aksar 4 to 6 hafte mein khud theek ho jata hai with rest aur hydration. Lekin hepatitis B, C, pathri, ya rukawat wala yarkan apne aap theek nahi hota aur ilaj ke baghair khatarnak ho sakta hai. Isiliye wajah ka pata lagana zaroori hai, intezaar nahi.
Kya yarkan doosron ko lagta hai? Sirf kuch types lagte hain. Hepatitis A aur E ganda paani aur khane se phailte hain. Hepatitis B aur C khoon, istemaal shuda needles, aur barber ke razor se phailte hain. Lekin pathri, fatty liver, ya khoon wala yarkan bilkul contagious nahi. Yarkan wale ko alag bartan dene ki har case mein zaroorat nahi.
Yarkan mein anday aur ghee kha sakte hain? Haan, anday bilkul kha sakte hain. Yeh myth hai ke yarkan mein anday mana hain. Uble hue anday acha protein hain jo liver ki recovery mein madad karte hain. Ghee bhi thodi miqdaar mein theek hai. Sirf tali hui aur bohot chikni cheezon se parhez karein, ghee ya anday se nahi.
Peela aur kala yarkan mein kya farq hai? Peela yarkan aam aur aksar manageable hota hai: aankhein aur jild halki peeli, peshab gehra. Kala yarkan zyada serious hai: jild peele se bhura ya hara, shadeed kamzori, kabhi bukhar ya hosh ka ghumna. Kala yarkan aksar severe liver disease ya bile duct ki rukawat ki nishani hai aur foran evaluation maangta hai.
Kya yarkan mein roza rakh sakte hain? Active yarkan mein aksar nahi. Active hepatitis ya tez bukhar mein roza dehydration barha kar recovery ko der karta hai. Bohot se patients zid karte hain, lekin behtar yeh hai ke doctor se mashwara karke faisla karein, aur LFT normal hone ke baad qaza roze rakhein.
Bachay ko yarkan ho to kab pareshan hona chahiye? Naye paida hue bachon mein halka yarkan pehle hafte mein aam hai. Lekin agar bachay ki jild peeli rahe 2 hafte se zyada, ya paida hote hi peela ho, ya doodh chhor de aur sust ho jaye, foran doctor dikhayein. School-age bachon mein peshab gehra aur pakhana halka ho to hepatitis ka test karwana chahiye.
Yarkan ke test mein kitna kharcha aur kya dekhte hain? Pehla test aksar LFT (liver function test) aur bilirubin level hota hai, phir hepatitis panel agar zaroorat ho. LFT mein SGPT/SGOT enzymes dekhte hain. Yaad rahe ke thoda barha hua bilirubin ya enzyme hamesha liver kharab hone ka matlab nahi.
Karachi mein appointment
This article is for general information only. It is not a substitute for personalised medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. If you have symptoms that worry you, especially yellowing of the eyes or skin, dark urine, pale stools, blood in vomit, confusion, severe pain, or persistent vomiting, see a doctor or visit an emergency department promptly.
Reviewed on 15 June 2026 by Dr. Muhammad Ali Taj, MBBS, FCPS (Gastroenterology), MRCP (UK), Consultant Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist in Karachi. Read Dr. Taj’s full profile.
Dr. Ali Taj consults at Ziauddin Hospital (Clifton), Hill Park General Hospital, Life Care Consultant Clinics, and Usman Memorial Hospital. To book an appointment, visit the consultation schedule page or contact the clinic. For related reading, see our pages on yarkan ki alamat, bachon mein yarkan, and pait dard ka ilaj.